The two serial ports* on the Macintosh SE are controlled by a Zilog Z8530 Serial Communications Controller (SCC).
Macintosh serial ports conform to the EIA standard RS422, which differs from the more commonly used RS232 standard. Whereas RS232 modulates a signal with respect to a common ground, RS422 modulates two signals against each other, resulting in a more noise-immune transmission.
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To learn more about the SCC, click on the chip to the left.